Everything about Rajkumari Amrit Kaur totally explained
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur,
DStJ (February 2,
1889 – October 2,
1964) was the health minister in the
Indian Cabinet for ten years after India's independence from the
British Raj in
1947. She was an an eminent
Gandhian, a freedom fighter, and a social activist.
Early life
Rajkumari was born on February 2,1889 in
Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh (then United Provinces), India. She and her seven brothers were the eight children of Rājā
Harnam Singh, an heir to the princely state of
Kapurthalā in the
Punjab region and his wife Rāni Harnām Singh. Rani Harnam Singh was a
Bengali
Presbyterian and her father an
Anglican.
Rajkumari had her early education in
Sherborne School for Girls in
Dorset,
England, and had her college education at
Oxford University. After completing her education in England, she returned to India.
Participation in India's Freedom Movement
Raja Harnam Singh enjoyed the confidence of many
Indian National Congress (INC) party leaders, including
Gopal Krishna Gokhale. After her return to India from England, Rajkumari got interested in India's freedom struggle through the occasional visits of those leaders to her father's home. After meeting in person
Mahatma Gandhi in
1919 in
Bombay (
Mumbai), she felt drawn to his thoughts and vision for the country. The notorious
Jālianwālā Bāgh massacre of Indian civilians the same year by the British Raj troops convinced her of the necessity of India's gaining its freedom from the Raj. She joined the INC, and began to participate in India's struggle for freedom, and also in social reform activities in India.
Rajkumari co-founded the
All India Women’s Conference in
1927, became its secretary in
1930, and president in
1933.
For her participation in Gandhi-led 240-mile
Dandi march in 1930, British Raj authorities imprisoned her.
Rajkumari went to live at Mahatma Gandhi's
ashram in
1934, and took up the austere life there despite her aristocratic background. She served as one of Gandhi's secretaries for sixteen years.
As a representative of the INC, in
1937 Rajkumari went on a mission of goodwill to Bannu, then in the
Northwest Frontier Province. The British Raj authorities charged her with sedition and imprisoned her.
In
1942, she participated in the
Quit India Movement, and the Raj authorities imprisoned her again.
Rajkumari championed the cause of universal suffrage, and testified before the
Lothian Committee on Indian franchise and constitutional reforms, and before the
Joint Select Committee of British Parliament on Indian constitutional reforms.
Rajkumari served as the Chairperson of the
All India Women’s Education Fund Association. She was a member of the Executive Committee of
Lady Irwin College in
New Delhi. The British Raj appointed her as a member of the Advisory Board of Education; (she resigned from that Board during the Quit India Movement). She was sent as a member of the Indian delegation to
UNESCO conferences in
London and
Paris in
1945 and
1946, respectively. She also served as a member of the Board of Trustees of the
All India Spinners’ Association.
Rajkumari worked to reduce illiteracy, and eradicate the custom of
child marriages and the
purdah system for women, which were prevalent then among some Indian communities.
Post-independence Service
After India’s independence, Amrit Kaur became part of
Jawaharlal Nehru's first
Cabinet; she was the first woman to hold Cabinet rank. She was assigned the Ministry of Health and was one of only two Indian Christians in the Cabinet (along with
John Mathai. She was also elected the president of World Health Assembly in
1950, a position held by only two women in the first 25 years of the
WHO’s history.
In
1950, she was elected the president of
World Health Organization, becoming the first woman and the first Asian to hold that post; for the first 25 years of that organisation's history, only two women held that post.
Kaur was a strong moving force behind the establishment of the
All India Institute of Medical Sciences in
New Delhi, and became its first president. For establishing the institute, she secured aid from
New Zealand,
Australia,
West Germany,
Sweden, and
USA. She and one of her brothers donated their ancestral property and house (named
Manorville) in
Simla,
Himachal Pradesh to serve as a holiday home for the staff and nurses of the Institute.
Kaur served as the Chairperson of the
Indian Red Cross society for fourteen years. During her leadership, the Indian Red Cross did a number of pioneering works in the hinterlands of India. She initiated the
Tuberculosis Association of India and the
Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute in
Madras (
Chennai). She started the
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur College of Nursing and the
National Sports Club of India.
From 1957 until her death in 1964, she remained a member of
Rajya Sabha. Until her death, she continued to hold the presidencies of the
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, the
Tuberculosis Association of India, and the
St. John’s Ambulance Corps.
Her speeches were warm and highly effective.
She had been awarded the
Rene Sand Memorial Award.
Quotes
About the Plight of Harijans:
It is a crying shame that the people who cater for our services are relegated in most towns to live in the most abominable dwellings—if, indeed we can call their hovels by this name.
About Child Marriages:
Child marriage is eating as a canker into the vitality of our national life. Girls become mothers while they're children themselves, and bring into the world off—springs, who are, in the very nature of things, the victims of disease and ill health.
About the Plight of Women:
The abolition of early marriage and purdah...will remove two of the main obstacles in the way of the spread of female education. Needless to say that the position of the widows in Hindu homes, marriage laws and the laws relating to the inheritance of property by women need radical alteration.
In the realm of educational reform, we've urged ever since our inception that there should be free and compulsory education. Again, as far as proper facilities for the female education are concerned until such time as universal, free and compulsory primary education as well as an adequate supply of infant and girl’s schools equipped with trained women teachers are introduced, we must continue to do our utmost to have the system of education in our exiting institutions changed.Further Information
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